Introduction: Foods with low glycemic index (GI) and high satiety index (SI) have been associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases and obesity. This study investigated the effect of date seed flour (DSF) on the GI, glycemic load (GL), and SI of white bread (WB). Materials and Methods: Ten healthy subjects were examined on four different days within 3-6 days intervals to determine GI and GL. The blood sugar level was measured during fasting, and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after receiving glucose, WB, and breads containing 20% and 40% DSF, and GI and GL were calculated. To determine SI, 20 healthy individuals consumed 240 kcal portions of test breads in separate instants at 3-6 day intervals. The satiety ratings were collected at fasting and every 15 min for over 120 min after food ingestion, and SI was calculated. Results: The GI of breads containing 20% (52. 64) and 40% (49. 11) DSF was significantly lower than that of WB (73. 9) (p<0. 004, p<0. 005, respectively). Also, the GL of breads containing 20% (9. 45) and 40% (7. 32) DSF was lower than that of WB (p<0. 001, p<0. 001, respectively). The SI of breads containing 20% (200) and 40% (290. 79) DSF was significantly greater than that of WB (p<0. 001, p<0. 001, respectively). Finally, the SI of bread containing 40% DSF (290. 79) was greater than that of bread containing 20% DSF (200) (p<0. 01). Conclusion: Replacing part of white wheat flour with DSF significantly reduces the GI and GL and increases the SI of WB.

Background: Low Glycemic Index (GI) and high Satiety Index (SI) foods have been associated with the decreased risk of chronic diseases and obesity. Objectives: The present study examined the effect of oak flour on GI, Glycemic Load (GL), and SI of white bread. Methods: This randomized crossover trial was conducted at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, during the year 2017. To determine the GI, 10 healthy subjects consumed three bread types (white bread, bread containing 25% oak flour, and bread containing 50% oak flour) and reference food (glucose) containing 50 g of carbohydrates on separate occasions. Finger-prick blood samples were collected at fasting (0 min) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after meal consumption. To determine the SI, 20 healthy individuals consumed 240 kcal portions of test bread types (white bread, bread containing 25% oak flour, and bread containing 50% oak flour) on separate occasions. The satiety ratings were collected at fasting and every 15 min for over 2 h after food ingestion to evaluate the SI. Results: There were no significant differences in the mean of blood glucose Incremental Areas Under the Curve (IAUC) between the test bread types (white bread: 2, 883. 2  353. 7 vs. 25% oak flour bread: 3, 163. 1  214. 7 vs. 50% oak flour bread: 3, 245. 1  255. 9) (P > 0. 05). Also, no significant differences were observed between the mean of bread GIs (P > 0. 05). The satiety IAUCs of both oak bread types (25% oak flour bread: 377. 17 59. 83, 50% oak flour bread: 427. 87 55. 46) were significantly greater than that of white bread (248. 55  46. 45) (P < 0. 001). The SI of both oak bread samples (25% oak flour bread: 202. 48  7. 92, 50% oak flour bread: 266. 25  11. 66) was significantly greater than that of white bread (100) (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: The addition of oak flour did not modify the GI; however, it increased the SI of white bread and created a greater feeling of satiety.

Purpose: To report a patient with MEWDS.Patient and findings: A 65-year-old man presented with sudden decrease of vision in his right eye. On ophthalmoscopy of the involved eye, numerous small discrete white lesions were detected superficially and deep in the retina around the disc and macula. On visual field examination, enlargement of the blind spot was detected. Fluorescein angiography was unremarkable. On electroretinography, the a-wave was decreased minimally. The patient was followed and after 2 months, significant improvement of visual acuity and visual field was observed.Conclusion: MEWDS is a rare intraocular inflammatory disease of unknown etiology and in contrast to our patient, more frequent in females. The natural course is generally benign with spontaneous disappearance of the lesions and improvement of vision in 6 to 8 weeks.

Introduction: Postprandial blood glucose concentration is one of the factors related to chronic diseases. This study examines the postprandial glucose response to bread made of roasted chickpea flour and white wheat flour. The effect of the roasted chickpea flour on glycemic index, glycemic load, and glycemic profile of white bread was also investigated.Materials and Methods: In this cross-over randomized study, 10 healthy subjects (8 females, 2 males) enrolled in the study on 4 separate days with one week intervals. On each day, the blood glucose at fasting and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after ingestion of glucose solution, white bread and bread containing 1.4 and 1.2 roasted chickpea flour was measured. The glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic profile were calculated.Results: Postprandial blood glucose response to chickpea breads was significantly lower than to white bread (p<0.001). The incremental area under the glucose curve after ingestion of chickpea breads was significantly lower than for white bread (P<0.001). The glycemic index and glycemic load of chickpea breads were also significantly lower than white bread (P<0.001). No significant differences were observed between the glycemic profiles of the test breads. However, the peak value of blood glucose was significantly lower after ingestion of 1.4 chickpea bread (P=0.017) and 1.2 chickpea bread, compared to white bread (P<0.001).Conclusion: Adding roasted chickpea flour not only improves postprandial blood glucose response, but also considerably reduces the glycemic index and glycemic load of white bread.

Background: The risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in accordance to Body Mass Index (BMI) is often based on studies where the calculation of BMI is frequently self-reported and is usually unreliable. We evaluated the risk of an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in a population where BMI was measured and selective screening for GDM was practiced.Methods: We carried out a prospective observational study where 1935 white European women with a singleton pregnancy were recruited. In the first trimester maternal height and weight were measured digitally. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0. BMI centiles were calculated from the study population. A Chi-square test was used to test the differences in categorical variables between the groups. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant.Results: In 1935 women, 547 OGTTs were performed and 70 of these were abnormal. The prevalence of an abnormal OGTT was higher in women with Class 2 and 3 obesity compared to women with Class 1 obesity (23.3% ns.10.1%, respectively; p= 0.008). The frequency of an abnormal OGTT was higher in women with a BMI ³90th centile (³33.1 kg/m2) compared to women with a BMI between the 80th and 90th centiles (³29.3 and<33.1 kg/m2), (21.5% ns 8.1% respectively; p=0.005).Conclusion: When BMI is measured, we recommend to increase the cut-off point for selective screening of GDM to ³33.0 kg/m2. This may decrease unnecessary obstetric interventions and healthcare costs.

Background and objectives: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common mononeuropathy encountered in clinical practice. Conventional electro diagnosis studies have been useful in the diagnosis of this condition. The Terminal Latency Index (TLI) is a derived neurophysiological value that adjusts the Distal motor Latency (DL) for the terminal distance and motor nerve Conduction Velocity (CV).Several studies have suggested utility of the median TLI for diagnosis of CTS.The goal of this study is to evaluate prospectively the sensitivity of the median TLI in the diagnosis of CTS and compare it with other electrodiagnosis techniques.Material and Methods: This study was done on 111 patients as CTS group & 62 healthy subject as control group. In all groups five selected tests of electrodiagnosis were done and all of them were compared with TLI sensitivity.Results: The mean TLI was 0.3±0.05 in the CTS group and 0.42±0.03 in the control group. The sensitivity of TLI was 73% The TLI wasn't statistically better than the other tests, but in three cases from the CTS group, the TLI was the only abnormal test.The 7 and 14 cm method had meaningful sensitivity in contrary to other tests.Conclusion: The sensitivity of TLI has no meaningful difference with other routine electro diagnostic tests in diagnosis of CTS.The median TLI is a useful but not more sensitive electrodiagnostic test for CTS.

Introduction: Three methods of OCRA Index, Strain Index (SI), and ACGIH HAL have been proposed for the assessment of risk factors of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. Investigating the correlation and consistency of these three methods are of prominence importance in the workplaces. Thus, this study aimed to determine the correlations of the results of the above mentioned methods. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 150 tasks were studied in four industries. For each task, a video taping of a full working cycle was prepared and evaluated according to the instructions of each method. The level of risk exposure to musculoskeletal disorders was analyzed with correlation and Kappa agreement coefficient tests using SPSS (version 16) and R software packages.Results: The correlation between the results of risk assessments of OCRA and SI methods for right and left hands were acceptable and equal to 0.751 and 0.726, respectively (p<0.001). Meanwhile, the coefficients of agreement between OCRA and HAL methods for left and right hands were 0.526 and 0.595, respectively.Conclusion: These findings partly confirmed the agreement between the methods of risk assessment. The origin of this partial agreement can be the number and type of variables and their impacts on the final score of the methods.